Method for determining precoding matrix and corresponding communication methods and devices

ABSTRACT

A method for determining precoding matrix for the sub-band precoding in a transmitter, wherein the transmitter has M transmitting antennas, and the method comprises: a. determining an optimized first matrix W 1  according to wideband and/or long-term channel properties, with the first matrix W 1  corresponding to wideband and/or long-term channel properties; b. multiplying the optimized first matrix W 1 , with each second matrix W 2 , in a second codebook, so as to obtain a plurality of candidate precoding matrices, the second matrix W 2  corresponds to frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties; c. selecting an optimized one from the plurality of candidate preceding matrices for precoding the data to be transmitted, according to a frequency selection and/or a short-term channel state information; characterized in that, the amount of DFT beams is increased to improve the spatial resolution; a diagonal matrix is involved in said first matrix W 1 ; and phrase adjustment is involved in said second matrix W 2 , so as to guarantee the adjusted phrase is evenly distributed among the whole phrase space.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to multi-antenna technology, particularly relates to precoding method in the multi-antenna technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

According to the agreed way forward for Rel-10 feedback [R1-101683], a precoding matrix for a sub-band is composed of two matrices. One matrix denoted by W₁ targets wideband and/or long-term channel properties, and the other matrix denoted by W₂ targets frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties. The multiplication product of these two matrices is taken as the precoding matrix for precoding the data.

In proposal R1-105011, a two-stage feedback approach is proposed, with W₁ being a M×Nb matrix and W₂ being a Nb×r matrix. In the W₂ codebook design of this approach, there is a co-phasing factor trying to match the phase between antennas 1˜M/2 and antennas M/2˜M. Therefore, this proposal needs to carry out data feedback for such as the co-phasing factor for the uniform linear array (ULA) antennas. This results in a certain amount of overhead, and the performance of the proposal is not satisfying.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to propose a precoding scheme based on a new codebook. According to a first aspect of the invention, it is provided a method for determining precoding matrix for the sub-band precoding in a transmitter, wherein the transmitter has M transmitting antennas, and the method comprises: a. determining an optimized first matrix W₁ according to wideband and/or long-term channel properties, with the first matrix W₁ corresponding to wideband and/or long-term channel properties; b. multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ with each second matrix W₂ in a second codebook, so as to obtain a plurality of candidate precoding matrices, with the second matrix W₂ corresponding to frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties; c. selecting an optimized one from the plurality of candidate precoding matrices for precoding the data to be transmitted, according to a frequency selection and/or a short-term channel state information; characterized in that, the amount of DFT beams is increased to improve the spatial resolution; a diagonal matrix is involved in said first matrix W₁; and co-phrasing adjustment is involved in said second matrix W₂, so as to guarantee the adjusted phrase is evenly distributed among the whole phrase space.

According to the above aspect, a diagonal matrix is involved in said first matrix W₁ such that the corresponding column constitutes a complete DFT beam. Compared with the art R1-105011, the amount of DFT beams suitable for ULA is increased, while the spatial resolution is increased and therefore the performance of ULA is improved. Additionally, phrase adjustment is involved in said second matrix W₂, such that the adjustable phrase for each beam is evenly distributed among the whole phrase space.

According to an preferred embodiment, the amount of DFT beams is increased to improve the spatial resolution, the first matrix W₁ is selected from the following first codebook C₁:

${C_{1} = \left\{ {W_{1}^{(0)},W_{1}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{1}^{({p - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{1}^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(k)} & 0 \\ 0 & {X^{(k)}\Lambda^{(k)}} \end{bmatrix}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{p - 1}$

-   -   Wherein, p is the amount of the first matrix in the first         codebook C₁, and

${X^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} f_{k_{1}} & f_{k_{2}} & \ldots & {f_{k}}_{q} \end{bmatrix}},{\Lambda^{(k)} = {{diag}\left\lbrack \left( {^{{j\theta}_{k_{1}} \cdot {({M/2})}},^{{j\theta}_{k_{2}} \cdot {({M/2})}},{\ldots \mspace{14mu} ^{{j\theta}_{k_{q}} \cdot {({M/2})}}}} \right\rbrack \right)}},$

-   -   Wherein, q is the amount of each group of beam,

${f_{k_{n}} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot 1} & \ldots & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot {({{M/2} - 1})}} \end{bmatrix}^{T}},$

θ_(k) _(n) is the phrase difference between two neighboring element in the DFT vector with a value range of [0,2π);

-   -   and when the amount of data flows is 1, said second codebook         comprises second matrices W₂ as follows:

${C_{2} = \left\{ {W_{2}^{(0)},W_{2}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{2}^{({q - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

-   -   and when the amount of data flows is 2, said second codebook         comprises second matrices W₂ as follows:

${C_{2} = \left\{ {W_{2}^{(0)},W_{2}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{2}^{({q - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} & e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} & {{- a}\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

Wherein, e_(k) is an elementary vector with the (k+1)th element being 1 and other elements being zero, and a is a parameter related with the polarization manner of the antennas.

According a second aspect of the invention, it is proposed a method, in the user equipments, for feeding precoding matrix for sub-band precoding back to an eNodeB, comprising the steps of: determining the optimized first matrix W₁ and the precoding matrix, by using a method according to the first aspect of the invention; determining an optimized second matrix W₂ corresponding to said optimized precoding matrix; providing, for the eNodeB, identifications of said optimized first matrix W₁ and said second matrix W₂.

According to a third aspect of the invention, it is proposed a method, in eNodeBs, for precoding data, comprising: receiving identifications of an optimized first matrix W₁ and an optimized second matrix W₂, fed back by user equipments; determining, from the first codebook and the second code book in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, according to the identifications; multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, and obtaining an optimized precoding matrix; precoding the data to be transmitted, by using the optimized precoding matrix, so as to transmit the data to the user equipment.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, it is provided a device, in user equipments, for feeding precoding matrix for sub-band precoding back to an eNodeB, comprising: a determining means, for determining the optimized first matrix W₁ and the precoding matrix, by using a method according to the first aspect of the invention, and for determining an optimized second matrix W₂ corresponding to said optimized precoding matrix; a sender, for providing, for the eNodeB, identifications of said optimized first matrix W₁ and said second matrix W₂.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, it is provided a device, in eNodeBs, for precoding data, comprising: a receiver, for receiving identifications of an optimized first matrix W₁ and an optimized second matrix W₂, fed back by user equipments; an inquiring means, for determining, from the first codebook and the second code book in a method according to the first aspect of the invention, the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, from the identifications; a calculating means, for multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, and obtaining an optimized precoding matrix for the sub-band precoding; a precoder, for precoding the data to be transmitted, by using the optimized precoding matrix.

The above and other features of the invention will be elucidated in the detailed embodiments below.

DETAILED EMBODIMENTS

Firstly, the design of the codebook according to the invention will be elucidated as following.

At first, MIMO with M transmitting antennas of uniform linear array (ULA) is taken as example. It is supposed that codeword W₁εC₁ targets wideband/long-term channel properties, and W₂εC₂ targets frequency-selective/short-term channel properties. The amount of W₁, namely the size of the codebook C₁ is denoted by p, and the amount of W₂, namely the size of the codebook C₂ is denoted by q respectively. The precoding matrix for a sub-band has the form of W=W₁W₂. For closely-spaced ULA (for example, the mode of the co-relation factor of the antennas is greater than a predetermined threshold, or the distance between the antennas is smaller than or equals to half of the signal wavelength), the dominated eigen-vector of the channel matrix can be approximated by a DFT vector. Hence, the invention proposes the codewords for W₁ and W₂ to satisfy that W is a M×1 DFT vector. And the specific W₁ and W₂ are proposed as follows.

(1) W₁ Codebook Design

Define (M/2)×1 DFT vector

$f_{k_{n}} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot 1} & \ldots & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot {({{M/2} - 1})}} \end{bmatrix}^{T}$

Wherein, θ_(k) _(n) is the phrase difference between two neighboring elements in the DFT vector, the value range of which is [0,2π);

Define p DFT sets with a dimension of (M/2)×q

X ^((k)) =[f _(k) f _(k) ₂ . . . f _(k) _(q) ], k=0,1, . . . ,p−1.

And define p diagonal matrices

Λ^((k)) = diag[(^(jθ_(k₁) ⋅ (M/2)), ^(jθ_(k₂) ⋅ (M/2)), …  ^(jθ_(k_(q)) ⋅ (M/2))]), k = 0, 1, …  , p − 1.

Then W₁ is designed as

${W_{1}^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(k)} & 0 \\ 0 & {X^{(k)}\Lambda^{(k)}} \end{bmatrix}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{p - 1}$

That is to say the codebook C₁ is

C ₁ ={W ₁ ⁽⁰⁾ ,W ₁ ⁽¹⁾ , . . . ,W ₁ ^((p-1))}

(2) W₂ Codebook Design

Define e_(k) as the elementary vector, i.e. the (k+1) th column of identity matrix. For one data flow, namely rank 1, W₂ is

${W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} \\ e_{k} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

For two data flows, namely rank 2, W₂ is

${W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} & e_{k} \\ e_{k} & {- e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

The codebook C₂ is

C ₂ ={W ₂ ⁽⁰⁾ ,W ₂ ⁽¹⁾ , . . . ,W ₂ ^((q-1))}

Based on the W₁ and W₂ designed above, the corresponding precoding matrix W=W₁W₂ has the form of DFT vector, which matches channel characteristics well for closely-spaced co-polarized antennas. It should be noted that although the precoding matrix is written as the multiplication of W₁ and W₂, in practice W can be easily obtained without doing matrix multiplication by selecting corresponding elements in W₁ based on the positions of 1 in W₂. Thus, even if the dimension of W₁ is large, the practical computational complexity is low.

For cross-polarized linear array (CLA) antennas, the codebook C₁ and codeword W₁ stay as they are, and codeword W₂ is adjusted by a co-phrasing factor a.

Specifically, for one data flow, namely rank 1, W₂ is

${W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

For two data flows, namely rank 2, W. is

${W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} & e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} & {{- a}\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$

Codebook C₂ is

C ₂ ={W ₂ ⁽⁰⁾ ,W ₂ ⁽¹⁾ , . . . ,W ₂ ^(q-1))}

When it is used for ULA antennas, a=1. When it is used for CLA or when the same codebook is used for various polarization manner of the antennas, the value of a is selected from a set {e^(jβ) ¹ , e^(jβ) ² , . . . ,e^(jβ) ^(m) }, wherein, m is the amount of values of a, the values of β₁, β₂, . . . , β_(m), are selected in a range of [0,2π), generally selected as evenly distributed among [0,2π) namely

${\beta_{k} = \frac{2\; {\pi \left( {k - 1} \right)}}{m}},$

k=1, 2, . . . , m.

The following part describes the design of the above codewords W₁ and W₂. In this embodiment, eNB has 8 antenna elements.

(1) Codebook C₁

$\mspace{79mu} {{B = \left\lbrack {b_{0}\mspace{14mu} b_{1}\mspace{14mu} \ldots \mspace{14mu} b_{31}} \right\rbrack},\mspace{20mu} {\lbrack B\rbrack_{{1 + m},{1 + n}} = ^{j\frac{2\; \pi \; {mn}}{32}}},\mspace{20mu} {m = 0},1,2,3,{n = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},31}$ X^((k)) ∈ {[b_(2 k mod 32)  b_((2 k + 1)mod 32)  b_((2 k + 2)mod 32)  b_((2 k + 3)mod 32)]:  k = 0, 1, …  , 15} $\mspace{20mu} {W_{1}^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(k)} & 0 \\ 0 & {X^{(k)}\Lambda^{(k)}} \end{bmatrix}}$ $\Lambda^{(k)} = {{diag}\left( \left\lbrack {^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({2\; k\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 1})}\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 2})}\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 3})}\; {mod}\; 32})}}} \right\rbrack \right)}$ C ₁ {W ₁ ⁽⁰⁾ ,W ₁ ⁽¹⁾ ,W ₁ ⁽²⁾ , . . . ,W ₁ ⁽¹⁵⁾}

(2) Codebook C₂

For one data flow, namely rank 1,

${W_{2} \in C_{2}} = \left\{ {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ {a\; Y} \end{bmatrix}} \right\}$ ${Y \in \left\{ {e_{0},e_{1},e_{2},e_{3}} \right\}},{a = \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & {U\; L\; A} \\ \left\{ {l,{- l},j,{- j}} \right\} & {U\; L\; A\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} C\; L\; A} \end{matrix} \right.}$

Wherein, e_(k) is the elementary vector with all zeros except for the (k+1)th element with value 1.

For two data flows, namely rank 2,

${W_{2} \in C_{2}} = \left\{ {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} Y_{1} \\ {a\; Y_{1}} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} Y_{2} \\ {{- a}\; Y_{2}} \end{matrix}} \right\rbrack} \right\}$ ${\left( {Y_{1},Y_{2}} \right) \in \left\{ {\left( {e_{0},e_{0}} \right),\left( {e_{1},e_{1}} \right),\left( {e_{2},e_{2}} \right),\left( {e_{3},e_{3}} \right),} \right\}},{a = \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & {U\; L\; A} \\ \left\{ {l,{- l},j,{- j}} \right\} & {U\; L\; A\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} C\; L\; A} \end{matrix} \right.}$

When the codebook C₂ is used for ULA, C₂ comprises four second matrices W₂, and when the codebook C₂ is used for both ULA and CLA simultaneously, C₂ comprises sixteen second matrices W₂.

It should be noted that in the art R1-105011, since there are only 4 choices for co-phrasing factor, the number of the DFT beams of the 8 antennas is only 16 and could not be increased to 32. The above example proposed by the invention increases the number of the DFT beams of the 8 antennas from 16 to 32, so as to increase the spatial resolution.

The codewords determined according to the invention are described in the above example. It should be noted that the invention is not limited by the above codeword design. In case that the number of at least one of antenna elements, codeword W₁, codeword W₂, phrase θ_(k) _(n) and co-phrasing factor a changes, the codewords can be adjusted accordingly.

The above part discusses the codewords proposed by the invention. The following part will describe the embodiment of carrying out precoding communication based on the codewords determined by the invention. Firstly, the determining means in the user equipment (UE) measures wideband and/or long-term channel related information, and selects, from the first codebook C₁ an first matrix, namely the codeword W₁, according to the channel related information. The UE can determine the optimized codeword corresponding to the wideband and/or long-term channel related information, according to the criteria of maximum capacity or minimum distance with the eigen-vector of the channel correlation matrix.

After that, the determining means multiplies the first matrix W₁ with each second matrix W₂ in the second codebook C₂, so as to obtain a plurality of candidate precoding matrices.

Then, the determining means selects an optimized precoding matrix from the plurality of candidate precoding matrices based on the predefined rules, according to the measured frequency selection and/or short-term channel state information. The predefined rules are for example rules that can select a candidate precoding matrix enabling a maximum channel capacity, or select a candidate precoding matrix with a minimum distance with the eigen-vector of the channel correlation matrix. It should be noted that other rules are also applicable, and the description will not give unnecessary details.

Then, the determining means can determine an optimized second matrix W₂ corresponding to the optimized precoding matrix.

At last, the sender of the UE provides, for the eNodeB, identifications, such as the serial numbers of the matrix in the codebook, of the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂.

At the eNodeB, the receiver of the eNodeB receives identifications of the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, fed back by user equipments.

Then, the inquiring means of the eNodeB determines, from the first codebook C₁ and the second code book C₂, the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, according to the identifications. After that, the calculator of the eNodeB obtains an optimized precoding matrix for sub-band precoding in the manner illustrated above, according to the first matrix W₁ and the second matrix W₂.

At last, the precoder of the eNodeB precodes the data to be transmitted, by using the optimized precoding matrix, so as to transmit the precoded data to the user equipment.

The inventor simulates the performance of the codebook proposed by the invention, and compares it with the simulation results of R1-105011 in the art. The simulation uses 19 cells/57 pentagon sectors. The following table 1 shows the assumed wireless network environment, based on which the simulation is carried out.

TABLE 1 Parameter Assumptions used for evaluation Deployment scenario 3GPP case 1 3D, SCM-UMa with low angle spread (8 deg) Cell number 19 cells with 3 sectors per cell Wrap-around model Yes Duplex method and bandwidths FDD: 10 MHz for downlink Network synchronization Synchronized Traffic model Full-buffer UE number per sector 10 Maximal number of co-scheduled UE 4 Handover margin 1.0 dB eNB Antenna assumptions 8Tx: Co-polarized antennas with 0.5-lambda spacing: Vertically polarized UE antenna assumptions 2Rx: A single co-polarized ULA with 0.5-lambda spacing with vertical polarization UE antenna orientation Random distribution within range [−90, 90] degrees Calibrated antenna array Ideal Downlink transmission scheme Dynamic SU/MU- Approach Max rank per UE MIMO switching Proposed approach SU: 2 Yes MU: 1 Approach in R1-105011 SU: 2 Yes MU: 1 Note: All MU-MIMO schemes are based on low-bound MU CQI, DMRS, ZF precoding, w/SU and MU MIMO switching Downlink scheduler Proportional fair, frequency selective Feedback assumptions (feedback long-term/wideband W1 and short-term/sub-band W2, and sub-band CQI periodicity in time domain, feedback Sub-band CQI report: 5 ms periodicity, 6 ms delay, with measurement granularity in frequency domain) error: N(0.1 dB) per PRB W1 and W2 report: 5 ms periodicity for both W1 and W2, and 6 ms feedback delay CQI SU-CQI for SU-MIMO and low-bound MU-CQI for MU-MIMO Downlink HARQ scheme Synchronous HARQ, Chase combining Downlink receiver type MMSE CSI-RS based CSI estimation error Real DM-RS channel estimation Real Feedback error Yes, 1% codeword error rate HARQ Chase combing with max 4 retransmissions Control channel and reference signal Fixed 0.3063 (As agreed in ITU evaluation) overhead test configuration 800 subframes

The simulation results are listed in the following table 2:

TABLE 2 average cell spectral 5% Cell edge spectral efficiency efficiency Codebook type (bits/s/Hz/cell) (bits/s/Hz/user) Proposed codebooks 4.4563 (100%) 0.1433 (100%) Codebooks in R1-105011 5.0596 (113.54%) 0.1506 (105.09%)

It can be seen that the invention achieves better performance than the art.

Those ordinary skilled in the art could understand and realize modifications to the disclosed embodiments, through studying the description, drawings and appended claims. The word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim or in the description. The word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. In the practice of present invention, several technical features in the claim can be embodied by one component. 

1. A method for determining precoding matrix for the sub-band precoding in a transmitter, wherein the transmitter has M transmitting antennas, and the method comprises: determining an optimized first matrix W₁ according to wideband and/or long-term channel properties, with the first matrix W₁ corresponding to wideband and/or long-term channel properties; multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ with each second matrix W₂ in a second codebook, so as to obtain a plurality of candidate precoding matrices, with the second matrix W₂ corresponding to frequency-selective and/or short-term channel properties; selecting an optimized one from the plurality of candidate precoding matrices for precoding the data to be transmitted, according to a frequency selection and/or a short-term channel state information; wherein, the amount of DFT beams is increased to improve the spatial resolution; a diagonal matrix is involved in said first matrix W₁; and phrase adjustment is involved in said second matrix W₂, so as to guarantee the adjusted phrase is evenly distributed among the whole phrase space.
 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of DFT beams is increased to improve the spatial resolution, the first matrix W₁ is selected from the following first codebook C₁: ${C_{1} = \left\{ {W_{1}^{(0)},W_{1}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{1}^{({p - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{1}^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(k)} & 0 \\ 0 & {X^{(k)}\Lambda^{(k)}} \end{bmatrix}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{p - 1}$ wherein, p is the amount of the first matrix in the first codebook C₁, and ${X^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} f_{k_{1}} & f_{k_{2}} & \ldots & {f_{k}}_{q} \end{bmatrix}},{\Lambda^{(k)} = {{diag}\left\lbrack \left( {^{{j\theta}_{k_{1}} \cdot {({M/2})}},^{{j\theta}_{k_{2}} \cdot {({M/2})}},{\ldots \mspace{14mu} ^{{j\theta}_{k_{q}} \cdot {({M/2})}}}} \right\rbrack \right)}},$ Wherein, q is the amount of each group of beam, ${f_{k_{n}} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot 1} & \ldots & ^{{j\theta}_{k_{n}} \cdot {({{M/2} - 1})}} \end{bmatrix}^{T}},$ θ₄ _(n) is the phrase difference between two neighboring element in the DFT vector with a value range of [0,2π); and when the amount of data flows is 1, said second codebook comprises second matrices W₂ as follows: ${C_{2\;} = \left\{ {W_{2}^{(0)},W_{2}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{2}^{({q - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$ and when the amount of data flows is 2, said second codebook comprises second matrices W₂ as follows: ${C_{2\;} = \left\{ {W_{2}^{(0)},W_{2}^{(1)},\ldots \mspace{14mu},W_{2}^{({q - 1})}} \right\}},{W_{2}^{(k)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} {\; e_{k}} & e_{k} \\ {a\; e_{k}} & {{- a}\; e_{k}} \end{bmatrix}}},{k = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},{q - 1}$ Wherein, e_(k) is an elementary vector with the (k+1)th element being 1 and other elements being zero, and a is a parameter related with the polarization manner of the antennas.
 3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the value of a is 1 when the polarization manner of the antennas is uniform linear array.
 4. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the polarization manner of the antennas is cross polarized linear array or when the same codebook is used for various polarization manner of the antennas, a is selected from a set {e^(jβ) ¹ , e^(jβ) ² , . . . , e_(jβ) _(m)}, wherein m is the amount of values of a, the values of β₁, β₂, . . . , β_(m) are selected in a range of [0,2π), generally selected as evenly distributed among [0,2π) namely ${\beta_{k} = \frac{2\; {\pi \left( {k - 1} \right)}}{m}},$ k=1, 2, . . . , m.
 5. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when the transmitter has 8 antenna elements, for codebook C₁, $\mspace{79mu} {{B = \left\lbrack {b_{0}\mspace{14mu} b_{1}\mspace{14mu} \ldots \mspace{14mu} b_{31}} \right\rbrack},\mspace{20mu} {\lbrack B\rbrack_{{1 + m},{1 + n}} = ^{j\frac{2\; \pi \; {mn}}{32}}},\mspace{20mu} {m = 0},1,2,3,{n = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},31}$ X^((k)) ∈ {[b_(2 k mod 32)  b_((2 k + 1)mod 32)  b_((2 k + 2)mod 32)  b_((2 k + 3)mod 32)]:  k = 0, 1, …  , 15} $\mspace{20mu} {W_{1}^{(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(k)} & 0 \\ 0 & {X^{(k)}\Lambda^{(k)}} \end{bmatrix}}$ $\Lambda^{(k)} = {{diag}\left( \left\lbrack {^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({2\; k\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 1})}\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 2})}\; {mod}\; 32})}},^{j\; \frac{2\; \pi \; 4}{32}{({{({{2\; k} + 3})}\; {mod}\; 32})}}} \right\rbrack \right)}$   C₁ = {W₁⁽⁰⁾, W₁⁽¹⁾, W₁⁽²⁾, …  , W₁⁽¹⁵⁾}, for codebook C₂, when the amount of data flows is 1, ${W_{2} \in C_{2}} = \left\{ {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ {a\; Y} \end{bmatrix}} \right\}$ ${Y \in \left\{ {e_{0},e_{1},e_{2},e_{3}} \right\}},{a = \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & {U\; L\; A} \\ \left\{ {l,{- l},j,{- j}} \right\} & {U\; L\; A\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} C\; L\; A} \end{matrix} \right.}$ wherein e_(k) is an elementary vector with the (k+1)th element being 1 and other elements being zero, when the amount of data flows is 2, namely rank 2, ${W_{2} \in C_{2}} = \left\{ {\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y_{1} & Y_{2} \\ {a\; Y_{1}} & {{- a}\; Y_{2}} \end{bmatrix}} \right\}$ ${\left( {Y_{1},Y_{2}} \right) \in \left\{ {\left( {e_{0},e_{0}} \right),\left( {e_{1},e_{1}} \right),\left( {e_{2},e_{2}} \right),\left( {e_{3},e_{3}} \right),} \right\}},{a = \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & {U\; L\; A} \\ \left\{ {l,{- l},j,{- j}} \right\} & {{U\; L\; A\mspace{14mu} {and}\mspace{14mu} C\; L\; A},} \end{matrix} \right.}$ when the codebook C₂ is used for ULA, C₂ comprises four second matrices W₂, and when the codebook C₂ is used for both ULA and CLA simultaneously, C₂ comprises sixteen second matrices NV₂.
 6. A method, in the user equipments, for feeding precoding matrix for sub-band precoding back to an eNodeB, comprising: determining the optimized first matrix W₁ and the precoding matrix, by using a method as claimed in claim 1; determining an optimized second matrix W₂ corresponding to said optimized precoding matrix; providing, for the eNodeB, identifications of said optimized first matrix W₁ and said second matrix W₂.
 7. A method, in eNodeBs, for precoding data, comprising: receiving identifications of an optimized first matrix W₁ and an optimized second matrix W₂, fed back by user equipments; determining, from the first codebook and the second code book in a method according to claim 1, the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, according to the identifications; multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, and obtaining an optimized precoding matrix; precoding the data to be transmitted, by using the optimized precoding matrix.
 8. A device, in user equipments, for feeding precoding matrix for sub-band precoding back to an eNodeB, comprising: a determining means, for determining the optimized first matrix W₁ and the precoding matrix, by using a method as claimed in claim 1, and for determining an optimized second matrix W₂ corresponding to said optimized precoding matrix; a sender, for providing, for the eNodeB, identifications of said optimized first matrix W₁ and said second matrix W₂.
 9. A device, in eNodeBs, for precoding data, comprising: a receiver, for receiving identifications of an optimized first matrix W₁ and an optimized second matrix W₂, fed back by user equipments; an inquiring means, for determining, from the first codebook and the second code book in a method according to claim 1, the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, from the identifications; a calculating means, for multiplying the optimized first matrix W₁ and the optimized second matrix W₂, and obtaining an optimized precoding matrix for the sub-band precoding; a precoder, for precoding the data to be transmitted, by using the optimized precoding matrix. 